Main Article Content

Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) or Ubiquinone is an antioxidant that is unstable to light and is highly lipophilic causing instability during storage, so a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) delivery system is needed that can improve stability. The manufacture of NLC uses the emulsification method by melting two types of lipids, namely solid lipid cetyl palmitate and liquid lipid alpha tocopherol with the help of stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and stability of NLC Co-Q10 at various stirring times. The results of testing the characteristics NLC Co-Q10, that stirring for 6 and 9 minutes, obtained pH values of 6,64 and 6,62 with particle sizes of 215.03 nm and 188.25 nm, the entrapment efficiency values were 75.57% and 77.96%, respectively. Increasing the speed and duration of stirring in the manufacture of the NLC Co-Q10 system will obtain high trapping efficiency values and be more stable in storage at room temperature for 28 days.

 

Keywords

coenzyme Q10 emulsification nanostructured lipid carriers stability

Article Details

Author Biography

M Fatchur Rochman, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Farmasetika dan Teknologi Farmasi

References

  1. Annisa, R., Hendradi, E., dan Melani, D., 2016, Pengembangan Sistem Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Meloxicam dengan lipid Monostearin dan Myglyol 808 Menggunakan metode Emulsifikasi, Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3 (3).
  2. Bank, G., Kagan, D., dan Madhavi, D., 2010, Coenzyme Q10: Clinical Update and Bioavailability, Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 16 (2), 130-137.
  3. Chang, R., 2005, Kimia Dasar: Konsep – Konsep Inti jilid 2, Erlangga, Jakarta.
  4. Cirri, M., Bragagni, M., Mennini, N., dan Mura, P., 2012, Development of a New Delivery System Consisting in Drug in Cyclodextrin in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Ketoprofen Topical Delivery. Europhean Journal Pharmaceutical BiopharmaceuticalI, 80, 46-53.
  5. Danaei,M., Dehghankhold, M., Ataei, S., Hasanzadeh Davarani, F., Javanmard, R., Dokhani, A., Mozafari, M., 2018, Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lpidic nanocarrier systems, Pharmaceutics,10(2):2-17.
  6. Dangi, R., dan Shakya, S., 2013, Preparation, Optimation and Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticles, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Science, 4 (7), 2810-2818.
  7. Eman, S. E., dan Rania, S. A., 2016, validation and application of vierordt’s spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of tamoxifen/coenzyme Q10 in theirbinary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 11(2), 318-325.
  8. Gupta, R. B., dan Kompella, U. B., 2006, Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery, Taylor and Francis Group, New York USA, 159.
  9. Gupta, V., dan Karar, P. K., 2011, Optimization of process variables for the preparation of chitosan – alginate nanoparticle, International journal of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacogn Science, 3(2),78-80.
  10. Han, F., Li, S., Yin, R., Liu, H., dan Xu, L., 2008, Effect of surfactants on the formation and characterization of a new type of colloidal drug delivery system: nanostructured lipid carriers, colloid and surfaces a: physicochem Eng aspect, 315,210-216.
  11. Hung, L.C., Basri, M., Tejo, B.A., Ismail, R., Nang, H.L.L., Hassan, H.A., dan May, C.Y., 2011, An Improved Method for the Preparations of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Heat Sensitive Bioactives, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 87 (1), 180-186.
  12. Karn-orachai, K., Smith, S. M., Phunpee, S., Treethong, A., Puttipipatkhachorn, S., Pratontep, S., dan Ruktanonchai, U. R., 2014, The effect of surfactant composition on the chemical and structural properties of nanostructured lipid carriers, Journal of Microencapsulation, 31(6), 609–618.
  13. Lambers, H., Piessens, S., Bloem, H., Pronk.,dan Finked, P., 2006, natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora, International Journal of Cosmetics Science, 28, 359-370.
  14. Leung, D. Y. C., Wu, X., dan Leung, M. K. H., 2010, a review on production using catalyzed transesterification, applied energy, 87, 1083-1095.
  15. Listiyana, A., Muti’ah, R., Suryadinata, A., dan Salsabilla, F.R., 2020, pengembangan sistem nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) daun chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (trev) vis dengan variasi konsentrasi lipid, Journal of Islamic MedicineI, 4(2),86-94.
  16. Liu, Y., Wang, L., Zhao, Y., He, M., Zhang, X., Niu, M., dan Feng, N., 2014, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Versus Microemulsions for Delivery of the Poorly Water Soluble Drug Luteolin, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 476 (1-2), 169-177.
  17. Luo, Y., Wang, T.T.Y., Teng, Z., Chen, P., Sun, J., dan Wang, Q., 2013, encapsulation of indole-3-carbonil and 3,3-indolymethane inzein/carboxymethly Chitosan nanoparticles with controlled property and improved stability, Journal Food Chemistry, 139, 224-230.
  18. McClements, D. J., dan Rao, J., 2011, Food-grade nanoemulsions: formulation, fabrication, properties, performance, biological fate, and potential toxicity, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4),285–330.
  19. McClements, D.J., Saliva Trujillo, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zou, L., Yao, M., dan Xiao, H., 2016, Boosting the Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Nutrients, Vitamins, and Nutraceuticals in Natural Product using Excipient Emulsions, Food Research International, 88, 140-152.
  20. Mistry, K. R., dan Dipak, K. S., 2015, SLNs can serve as the new brachytherapy seed: determining influence of surfactants on particle size of solid lipid microparticles and development of hydrophobised copper nanoparticles for potential insertion, journal of chemical engineering & process technology, 7, 1-9.
  21. Muller, R.H., Radtke, M., dan Wissing, S.A., 2002, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) in Cosmetic and Dermatological Preparation, Advance Drug Delivery Reviews, 54, S131S155.
  22. Naibaho, T.A., dan Sobirin, M.A., 2019, pengaruh Suplementasi Koenzim Q10 terhadap Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 8 (2), 910-920.
  23. Naseri, N., Valizadeh, H., Zakeri – Milani Parvin ., 2015, Solid Lipid Nanoparticle and Nanoparticle Lipid Carrier: structure, preparation and application, adv Pharm Bull, 5(3), 305-313.
  24. Okonogi, S., dan Riangjanapatee, P., 2015, Physicochemical Characterization of Lycopene Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation for Topical Administration, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 478 (2), 726-735.
  25. Osol, A., 1980, Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science, 16th ed, Mack Publishing Company, Easton- pensivania, 104-135:244-262.
  26. Putranti, A.R., Primaharinastiti, R., dan Hendradi, E., 2017, Effectivity and physicochemical stability of nanostructured lipid carrier coenzyme Q10 in different ratio of lipid cetyl palmitate and alpha tocopheryl acetate as carrier, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10 (2), 146-152.
  27. Rahmawan, T. G., dan Rosita, N.T.E., 2012, characterization of solid lipid nanoparticle p-methoxy cinnamic acid (PMCA) formulated with different lipid component strearic acid and cetyl alcohol, Pharmaceutical Science, 2229.
  28. Rangsinawong, W., Tansathien, K., Nuntharatanapon, N., Jaewjira, S., dan Opanasopit, P., 2017, development of pueraria mirifica nanoparticles for hair spray, Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Science, 12(2), 13-20.
  29. Rathod, U. C., Patel, A. K., dan Shah, D. A., 2012, statistical evaluation and optimization of influence of stirring speed and polymer concentration on hollow microspheres of diltiazem HCl, School Reserch Library, 4(3), 972-978.
  30. Rohmah, M., Raharjo, S., Hidayat, C., dan Martien, R., 2019, formulasi dan stabilitas nanostructured lipid carrier campuran fraksi stearin dan olein minyak kelapa sawit, jurnal aplikasi teknologi pangan, 8(1), 24-30.
  31. Shah, N. V., Seth, A. K., Balaraman, R., Aundhia, C. J., Maheshwari, R. A., dan Parmar, G. R., 2016, Nanostructured lipid carriers for oral bioavailability enhancement of raloxifene: Design and in vivo study, Journal of Advanced Research, 7(3):423–434.
  32. Sinko, P., 2011, physical Pharmacy and pharmaceutical Science 6th edition, lippincot williams & wilkins, 355-367;469-473
  33. Tamjidi, F., Shahedi, M., Varshosaz, J., dan Nasirpour, A., 2013, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC): A Potential Delivery System for Bioactive Food Molecules, Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 19, 29-43.
  34. Taurina, W., Sari, R., Hafinur, C., Wahdaningsih, S., dan Isnindar., 2017, Optimasi Kecepatan dan Lama Pengadukan terhadap Ukuran Nanopartikel Kitosan – Ekstrak Etanol 70% Kulit Jeruk Siam, Traditional Medicine Journal, 22 (1), 17-18.
  35. Van Dijke, K., Kobayashi, I., Schroën, K., Uemura, K., Nakajima, M., dan Boom, R., 2010, Effect of viscosities of dispersed and continuous phases in microchannel oil-in-water emulsification. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 9(1), 77–85.
  36. Weiss, J., Decker, E. A., McClements, D. J., Kristbergsson, K., Helgason, T., dan Awad, T., 2008, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as delivery systems for bioactive food components. Food Biophysics, 3(2):146–154.
  37. Witayaudom, P., dan Klinkesorn, U., 2017, Effect of surfactant concentration and solidification temperature on the characteristics and stability of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) prepared from rambutan (Nephelium lap