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References
- Abidullah, M., Jadhav, P., Sujan, S.S., Shrimanikandan, A.G., Reddy, C.R., Wasan, R.K., 2021.
- Potential Antibacterial Efficacy of Garlic Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
- and Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In vitro Study, J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 13(1), 590–594.
- Abiy, E., Berhe, A., 2016, Anti-Bacterial Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) against Clinical Isolates
- of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Hawassa Referral
- Hospital, Ethiopia. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Treatment, 02(02), 1–5.
- Ali, M., Ibrahim, I.S., 2016, Phytochemical Screening and Proximate Analysis of Newbouldia
- laevis and Allium sativum. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 18(1), 242-256–256.
- Alirezaei, S., Godarzi, H., Moezi ghadim, N., Maheri, A., 2019, Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous
- Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) Against Porphyromonas gingivalis: An In-Vitro Study.
- Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, 4(4), 17–22.
- Altuntas, S., Korukluoglu, M., 2019, Growth and effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on selected
- beneficial bacteri. Food Science and Technology, 39(4), 897–904.
- Anggraini, A.L., Dwiyanti, R.D., Thuraidah, A., 2020, Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.)
- Effectively Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Invitro Test. Tropical
- Health and Medical Research, 2(2), 61–68.
- Anyamaobi, O.P., Wokem, G.N., Enweani Bessie, I., Okosa, N.J.A., Opara, C.E., Nwokeji, M.C.,
- , Antimicrobial Effect Of Garlic And Ginger On Staphylococcus aureus From Clinical
- Specimens In Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. International Journal of
- Recent Scientific Research, 11(3), 37840–37845.
- Batiha, G.E.S., Beshbishy, A.M., Wasef, L.G., Elewa, Y.H.A., Al-Sagan, A.A., El-Hack, M.E.A.,
- Taha, A.E., Abd-Elhakim, Y.M., Devkota, H.P., 2020, Chemical constituents and
- pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review. Nutrients, 12(3), 1–21.
- Benmeziane, F., Djermoune-Arkoub, L., Adamou Hassan, K., Zeghad, H., 2018, Evaluation of
- antibacterial activity of aqueous extract and essential oil from garlic against some pathogenic
- bacteria. International Food Research Journal, 25(2), 561–564.
- Bernaldez, J.L., Vicencio, M.C.G., 2021, Antibacterial Activity of Soap Formulated from Garlic
- (Allium sativum L.) Extract. Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 21(1), 63–67.
- Bhatwalkar, S.B., Mondal, R., Krishna, S.B.N., Adam, J.K., Govender, P., Anupam, R., 2021,
- Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic (Allium sativum). Frontiers in
- Microbiology, 12(July), 1–20.
- Booyens, J., Thantsha, M.S., 2013, Antibacterial effect of hydrosoluble extracts of garlic (Allium
- sativum) against Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus. African Journal of
- Microbiology Research, 7(8), 669–677.
- Cahayani, W.A., Tanuwijaya, C., Chi, L.X., Mulyastuti, Y., 2019, Antibacterial activity of garlic
- (Allium sativum) extract and molecular docking studies of allicin. AIP Conference
- Proceedings, 1-6.
- Cushnie, T.P.T., Cushnie, B., Lamb, A.J., 2014. Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial,
- antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International Journal of Antimicrobial
- Agents, 44(5), 377–386.
- Daka, D., 2011, Antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphyloccus aureus: An in vitro
- study, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4), 666–669.
- Derbe, T., 2014, Antibacterial Activity Of Garlic Extracts Against Gram-Negative And Gram-
- Positive Bacteria Tessema Derbe , Brey Kidane Mariam and Shilashi Badasa Department of
- Chemistry, Adigrat University, P.O. box 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia 1(11), 730–734.
- Enejiyon, S.O., Abdulrahman, A.A., Adedeji, A.S., 2020, Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of
- Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria.
- Tanzania Journal of Science, 46(3), 914–922.
- Fatima, A., Ahmad, T., Khan, S.J., Deeba, F., Zaidi, N., 2011, Assessment of antibacterial activity
- of in vitro and in vivo grown garlic (Allium sativum L.), Pakistan Journal of Botany,
- (6),33029-22033.
- Fowotade, A., Fowotade, A., Enaibe, B., Avwioro, G., 2017, Evaluating Toxicity Profile of Garlic
- (Allium sativum) on the Liver, Kidney and Heart Using Wistar Rat Model. International
- Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 26(2), 1–12.
- Fufa, B.K., 2019, Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal Properties of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum): A
- Review. Microbiology Research Journal International, 28(3), 1–5.
- Garba, I., Umar, A., Abdulrahman, A., Tijjani, M., Aliyu, M., Zango, U., Muhammad, A., 2014,
- Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of garlic extracts. Bayero Journal of Pure and
- Applied Sciences, 6(2), 45.
- Houshmand, B., Mahjour, F., Dianat, O., 2013, Antibacterial effect of different concentrations of
- garlic (Allium sativum) extract on dental plaque bacteria. Indian Journal of Dental Research,
- (1), 71–75.
- Jahani Moghadam, F., Navidifar, T., Amin, M., 2014, Antibacterial Activity of Garlic (Allium
- sativum L.) on Multi-Drug Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolated From Gastric Biopsies.
- International Journal of Enteric Pathogens, 2(2), 2–5.
- Kshirsagar, M.M., Dodamani, A.S., Khobragade, V.R., 2018, Antibacterial activity of garlic extract
- on cariogenic bacteria: An in vitro study, AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of
- Research in Ayurveda), 39(3), 165–168.
- Lawal, B., Shittu, O.K., Oibiokpa, F.I., Mohammed, H., Umar, S.I., Haruna, G.M., 2016,
- Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Allium sativum. Journal of
- Acute Disease, 5(4), 296-301.
- Li, G., Ma, X., Deng, L., Zhao, X., Wei, Y., Gao, Z., Jia, J., Xu, J., Sun, C., 2015, Fresh garlic
- extract enhances the antimicrobial activities of antibiotics on resistant strains in vitro.
- Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 8(5), 1–6.
- Londhe, V.P., Gavasane, A.T., Nipate, S.S., Bandawane, D.D., Chaudhari, P.D., 2011, Review
- Role of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Various Diseases : an Overview. Journal of
- Pharmaceutical Research and Opinion, 4(January 2011), 129–134.
- Lu, X., Rasco, B.A., Jabal, J.M.F., Eric Aston, D., Lin, M., Konkel, M.E., 2011, Investigating
- antibacterial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur
- compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman
- spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(15),
- –5269.
- Mentri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2016, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
- Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 Tentang Formularium Obat Herbal Asli Indonesia, Jakarta: Kementrian
- Kesehatan.
- Moulia, M.N., Syarief, R., Iriani, E.S., Kusumaningrum, H.D., Suyatma, N.E., 2018, Antimikroba
- Ekstrak Bawang Putih, Jurnal Pangan, 27(1), 55–66.
- Mozaffari Nejad, A.S., Shabani, S., Bayat, M., Hosseini, S.E., 2014, Antibacterial effect of garlic
- aqueous extract on Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger, Jundishapur Journal of
- Microbiology, 7(11), 1–5.
- Nugraha, S.E., Suryadi Achmad, Erly Sitompul, 2019. Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate
- Fraction of Passion Fruit Peel (Passiflora edulis Sims) on Staphylococcus aureus and
- Escherichia Coli, Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2(1), 7–12.
- Nurtjahyani, S.D., Hadra, F., 2016, Antibacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) againts Gram-
- positive bacteria isolated from tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Asian Pacific Journal of
- Tropical Disease, 6(1), 46–48.
- Patil, P.. and, Pwar, 2016, Antibacterial activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium
- sativum L.) extracts on Escherichia coli. International Journal of Advanced Research and
- Development, 1(5), 8–11.
- Prati, P., Henrique, C.M., Souza, A.S. de, Silva, V.S.N. da, Pacheco, M.T.B., 2014, Evaluation of
- allicin stability in processed garlic of different cultivars. Food Science and Technology
- (Campinas), 34(3), 623–628.
- Prihandani, S.S., 2015, Uji Daya Antibakteri Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap Bakteri
- Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium dan Pseudomonas
- aeruginosa dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan Pangan, Informatika Pertanian, 24(1), 53.
- Purwantiningsih, T.I., Rusae, A., Freitas, Z., 2019. Uji In Vitro Antibakteri Ekstrak Bawang Putih
- sebagai Bahan Alami untuk Menghambat Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia
- coli, Sains Peternakan, 17(1), 1–4.
- Ratthawongjirakul, P., Thongkerd, V., 2016, Fresh garlic extract inhibits Staphylococcus aureus
- biofilm formation under chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic conditions, Songklanakarin
- Journal of Science and Technology, 38(4), 381–389.
- Salima, J., 2015. Antibact Erial Activity of Garlic, J Majority, 2 (4), 30–39.
- Sana Mukhtar, I.G., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Garlic,
- Cinnamon and Turmeric Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus subtilis DSM
- , Thesis, Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University,
- –136.
- Santhosha, S.G., Jamuna, P., Prabhavathi, S.N., 2013, Bioactive components of garlic and their
- physiological role in health maintenance: A review, Food Bioscience, 3, 59–74.
- Sieniawska, E., 2015, Activities of tannins-From in Vitro studies to clinical trials, Natural Product
- Communications, 10(11), 1877–1884.
- Simaremare, A.P.R., 2017, Perbedaan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Tanaman Bawang Merah
- (Allium cepa L ) dan Bawang Putih ( Allium sativum L ) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap
- Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro, Nommensen Journal of Medicine, 3(2), 52–57.
- Å krovánková, S., MlÄek, J., Snopek, L., Planetová, T., 2018,. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity
- in different types of garlic. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 12(1), 267–272.
- Soltan, H.R., 2016, Extracted by Hydro-Distillationand Diethyl Ether Extraction Methods on Four
- Pathogenic Bacteria. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 4(2), 261–264.
- Strika, I., Bašić, A., Halilović, N., 2017, Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and
- Herzegovina Antimicrobial effects of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Organic scientist, 47, 1-10.
- Uzun, L., Dal, T., Kalcioglu, M.T., Yurek, M., Cibali Acikgoz, Z., Durmaz, R., 2019,
- Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Derivatives on Common Causative Microorganisms of the
- External Ear Canal and Chronic Middle Ear Infections. Turkish Archives of
- Otorhinolaryngology, 57(4), 161–165.
- Viswanathan, V., Phadatare, A., Mukne, A., 2014, Antimycobacterial and antibacterial activity of
- Allium sativum bulbs. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 76(3), 256–261.
- Wallock-Richards, D., Doherty, C.J., Doherty, L., Clarke, D.J., Place, M., Govan, J.R.W.,
- Campopiano, D.J., 2014, Garlic revisited: Antimicrobial activity of allicin-containing garlic
- extracts against Burkholderia cepacia complex. PLoS ONE, 9(12), 1–13.
- Wolde, T., Kuma, H., Trueha, K., Yabeker, A., 2018, Anti-Bacterial Activity of Garlic Extract
- against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 06(01), 1–5.
- Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X., Ren, L., 2014. Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids:
- Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 132–
- Yadav, S., Trivedi, N., Bhatt, J., 2015. Antimicrobial activity of fresh garlic juice: An in vitro
- study. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda), 36(2), 203.
- Yetgin, A., Canli, K., Altuner, E.M., 2018. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium
- sativum Cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey. Hindawi, 1-5.
References
Abidullah, M., Jadhav, P., Sujan, S.S., Shrimanikandan, A.G., Reddy, C.R., Wasan, R.K., 2021.
Potential Antibacterial Efficacy of Garlic Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
and Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In vitro Study, J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 13(1), 590–594.
Abiy, E., Berhe, A., 2016, Anti-Bacterial Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) against Clinical Isolates
of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Hawassa Referral
Hospital, Ethiopia. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Treatment, 02(02), 1–5.
Ali, M., Ibrahim, I.S., 2016, Phytochemical Screening and Proximate Analysis of Newbouldia
laevis and Allium sativum. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 18(1), 242-256–256.
Alirezaei, S., Godarzi, H., Moezi ghadim, N., Maheri, A., 2019, Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous
Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) Against Porphyromonas gingivalis: An In-Vitro Study.
Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, 4(4), 17–22.
Altuntas, S., Korukluoglu, M., 2019, Growth and effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on selected
beneficial bacteri. Food Science and Technology, 39(4), 897–904.
Anggraini, A.L., Dwiyanti, R.D., Thuraidah, A., 2020, Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.)
Effectively Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Invitro Test. Tropical
Health and Medical Research, 2(2), 61–68.
Anyamaobi, O.P., Wokem, G.N., Enweani Bessie, I., Okosa, N.J.A., Opara, C.E., Nwokeji, M.C.,
, Antimicrobial Effect Of Garlic And Ginger On Staphylococcus aureus From Clinical
Specimens In Madonna University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. International Journal of
Recent Scientific Research, 11(3), 37840–37845.
Batiha, G.E.S., Beshbishy, A.M., Wasef, L.G., Elewa, Y.H.A., Al-Sagan, A.A., El-Hack, M.E.A.,
Taha, A.E., Abd-Elhakim, Y.M., Devkota, H.P., 2020, Chemical constituents and
pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review. Nutrients, 12(3), 1–21.
Benmeziane, F., Djermoune-Arkoub, L., Adamou Hassan, K., Zeghad, H., 2018, Evaluation of
antibacterial activity of aqueous extract and essential oil from garlic against some pathogenic
bacteria. International Food Research Journal, 25(2), 561–564.
Bernaldez, J.L., Vicencio, M.C.G., 2021, Antibacterial Activity of Soap Formulated from Garlic
(Allium sativum L.) Extract. Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 21(1), 63–67.
Bhatwalkar, S.B., Mondal, R., Krishna, S.B.N., Adam, J.K., Govender, P., Anupam, R., 2021,
Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic (Allium sativum). Frontiers in
Microbiology, 12(July), 1–20.
Booyens, J., Thantsha, M.S., 2013, Antibacterial effect of hydrosoluble extracts of garlic (Allium
sativum) against Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus. African Journal of
Microbiology Research, 7(8), 669–677.
Cahayani, W.A., Tanuwijaya, C., Chi, L.X., Mulyastuti, Y., 2019, Antibacterial activity of garlic
(Allium sativum) extract and molecular docking studies of allicin. AIP Conference
Proceedings, 1-6.
Cushnie, T.P.T., Cushnie, B., Lamb, A.J., 2014. Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial,
antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International Journal of Antimicrobial
Agents, 44(5), 377–386.
Daka, D., 2011, Antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphyloccus aureus: An in vitro
study, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(4), 666–669.
Derbe, T., 2014, Antibacterial Activity Of Garlic Extracts Against Gram-Negative And Gram-
Positive Bacteria Tessema Derbe , Brey Kidane Mariam and Shilashi Badasa Department of
Chemistry, Adigrat University, P.O. box 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia 1(11), 730–734.
Enejiyon, S.O., Abdulrahman, A.A., Adedeji, A.S., 2020, Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of
Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria.
Tanzania Journal of Science, 46(3), 914–922.
Fatima, A., Ahmad, T., Khan, S.J., Deeba, F., Zaidi, N., 2011, Assessment of antibacterial activity
of in vitro and in vivo grown garlic (Allium sativum L.), Pakistan Journal of Botany,
(6),33029-22033.
Fowotade, A., Fowotade, A., Enaibe, B., Avwioro, G., 2017, Evaluating Toxicity Profile of Garlic
(Allium sativum) on the Liver, Kidney and Heart Using Wistar Rat Model. International
Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 26(2), 1–12.
Fufa, B.K., 2019, Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal Properties of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum): A
Review. Microbiology Research Journal International, 28(3), 1–5.
Garba, I., Umar, A., Abdulrahman, A., Tijjani, M., Aliyu, M., Zango, U., Muhammad, A., 2014,
Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of garlic extracts. Bayero Journal of Pure and
Applied Sciences, 6(2), 45.
Houshmand, B., Mahjour, F., Dianat, O., 2013, Antibacterial effect of different concentrations of
garlic (Allium sativum) extract on dental plaque bacteria. Indian Journal of Dental Research,
(1), 71–75.
Jahani Moghadam, F., Navidifar, T., Amin, M., 2014, Antibacterial Activity of Garlic (Allium
sativum L.) on Multi-Drug Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolated From Gastric Biopsies.
International Journal of Enteric Pathogens, 2(2), 2–5.
Kshirsagar, M.M., Dodamani, A.S., Khobragade, V.R., 2018, Antibacterial activity of garlic extract
on cariogenic bacteria: An in vitro study, AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of
Research in Ayurveda), 39(3), 165–168.
Lawal, B., Shittu, O.K., Oibiokpa, F.I., Mohammed, H., Umar, S.I., Haruna, G.M., 2016,
Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Allium sativum. Journal of
Acute Disease, 5(4), 296-301.
Li, G., Ma, X., Deng, L., Zhao, X., Wei, Y., Gao, Z., Jia, J., Xu, J., Sun, C., 2015, Fresh garlic
extract enhances the antimicrobial activities of antibiotics on resistant strains in vitro.
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 8(5), 1–6.
Londhe, V.P., Gavasane, A.T., Nipate, S.S., Bandawane, D.D., Chaudhari, P.D., 2011, Review
Role of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Various Diseases : an Overview. Journal of
Pharmaceutical Research and Opinion, 4(January 2011), 129–134.
Lu, X., Rasco, B.A., Jabal, J.M.F., Eric Aston, D., Lin, M., Konkel, M.E., 2011, Investigating
antibacterial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur
compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman
spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(15),
–5269.
Mentri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2016, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 Tentang Formularium Obat Herbal Asli Indonesia, Jakarta: Kementrian
Kesehatan.
Moulia, M.N., Syarief, R., Iriani, E.S., Kusumaningrum, H.D., Suyatma, N.E., 2018, Antimikroba
Ekstrak Bawang Putih, Jurnal Pangan, 27(1), 55–66.
Mozaffari Nejad, A.S., Shabani, S., Bayat, M., Hosseini, S.E., 2014, Antibacterial effect of garlic
aqueous extract on Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger, Jundishapur Journal of
Microbiology, 7(11), 1–5.
Nugraha, S.E., Suryadi Achmad, Erly Sitompul, 2019. Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate
Fraction of Passion Fruit Peel (Passiflora edulis Sims) on Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia Coli, Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2(1), 7–12.
Nurtjahyani, S.D., Hadra, F., 2016, Antibacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) againts Gram-
positive bacteria isolated from tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Asian Pacific Journal of
Tropical Disease, 6(1), 46–48.
Patil, P.. and, Pwar, 2016, Antibacterial activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium
sativum L.) extracts on Escherichia coli. International Journal of Advanced Research and
Development, 1(5), 8–11.
Prati, P., Henrique, C.M., Souza, A.S. de, Silva, V.S.N. da, Pacheco, M.T.B., 2014, Evaluation of
allicin stability in processed garlic of different cultivars. Food Science and Technology
(Campinas), 34(3), 623–628.
Prihandani, S.S., 2015, Uji Daya Antibakteri Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap Bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium dan Pseudomonas
aeruginosa dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan Pangan, Informatika Pertanian, 24(1), 53.
Purwantiningsih, T.I., Rusae, A., Freitas, Z., 2019. Uji In Vitro Antibakteri Ekstrak Bawang Putih
sebagai Bahan Alami untuk Menghambat Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia
coli, Sains Peternakan, 17(1), 1–4.
Ratthawongjirakul, P., Thongkerd, V., 2016, Fresh garlic extract inhibits Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm formation under chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic conditions, Songklanakarin
Journal of Science and Technology, 38(4), 381–389.
Salima, J., 2015. Antibact Erial Activity of Garlic, J Majority, 2 (4), 30–39.
Sana Mukhtar, I.G., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Garlic,
Cinnamon and Turmeric Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus subtilis DSM
, Thesis, Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University,
–136.
Santhosha, S.G., Jamuna, P., Prabhavathi, S.N., 2013, Bioactive components of garlic and their
physiological role in health maintenance: A review, Food Bioscience, 3, 59–74.
Sieniawska, E., 2015, Activities of tannins-From in Vitro studies to clinical trials, Natural Product
Communications, 10(11), 1877–1884.
Simaremare, A.P.R., 2017, Perbedaan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Tanaman Bawang Merah
(Allium cepa L ) dan Bawang Putih ( Allium sativum L ) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap
Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro, Nommensen Journal of Medicine, 3(2), 52–57.
Å krovánková, S., MlÄek, J., Snopek, L., Planetová, T., 2018,. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity
in different types of garlic. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 12(1), 267–272.
Soltan, H.R., 2016, Extracted by Hydro-Distillationand Diethyl Ether Extraction Methods on Four
Pathogenic Bacteria. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 4(2), 261–264.
Strika, I., Bašić, A., Halilović, N., 2017, Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and
Herzegovina Antimicrobial effects of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Organic scientist, 47, 1-10.
Uzun, L., Dal, T., Kalcioglu, M.T., Yurek, M., Cibali Acikgoz, Z., Durmaz, R., 2019,
Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Derivatives on Common Causative Microorganisms of the
External Ear Canal and Chronic Middle Ear Infections. Turkish Archives of
Otorhinolaryngology, 57(4), 161–165.
Viswanathan, V., Phadatare, A., Mukne, A., 2014, Antimycobacterial and antibacterial activity of
Allium sativum bulbs. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 76(3), 256–261.
Wallock-Richards, D., Doherty, C.J., Doherty, L., Clarke, D.J., Place, M., Govan, J.R.W.,
Campopiano, D.J., 2014, Garlic revisited: Antimicrobial activity of allicin-containing garlic
extracts against Burkholderia cepacia complex. PLoS ONE, 9(12), 1–13.
Wolde, T., Kuma, H., Trueha, K., Yabeker, A., 2018, Anti-Bacterial Activity of Garlic Extract
against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 06(01), 1–5.
Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X., Ren, L., 2014. Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids:
Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 132–
Yadav, S., Trivedi, N., Bhatt, J., 2015. Antimicrobial activity of fresh garlic juice: An in vitro
study. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda), 36(2), 203.
Yetgin, A., Canli, K., Altuner, E.M., 2018. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium
sativum Cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey. Hindawi, 1-5.