Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Pneumonia Patients Using ATC/DDD and Gyssens Methods at Primaya Hospital Semarang

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance rates may increase due to inappropriate antibiotic use in pediatric bronchopneumonia; antibiotic treatment's effectiveness can be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Data were collected retrospectively and analyzed descriptively using the ATC/DDD and Gyssens methods. This study was observational; data were collected from January to December 2022 at Primaya Hospital Semarang City with 41 patient health medical record samples. The results showed that the most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, with ceftriaxone used by 28 patients (68.3%) at doses greater than 500 mg and cefotaxime by 13 patients (31.7%) at doses lower than 500 mg. All drugs were administered intravenously (100%) according to the study results. The quantitative evaluation showed that ceftriaxone had the highest DDD value of 25.54 DDD/100 days, while cefotaxime had the lowest value of 5.15 DDD/100 days. The highest use of these antibiotics occurred in November 2022; ceftriaxone was included in the 90% DU segment, and cefotaxime was included in the 10% DU segment. The results of the qualitative Gyssens method evaluation were 16 patients (39%) in category 0 (appropriate/rational) and 25 patients (61%) in category IIIB (too short administration). The use of antibiotics at Primaya Hospital Semarang City did not follow the Permenkes guidelines in 2021