Main Article Content
Abstract
Asam glikolat (AG) digunakan untuk mengatasi photoaging, namun menyebabkan rasa menyengat pada kulit. Kompleks molekular asam glikolat-kitosan (AG-KS) dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut namun berpotensi memperbesar ukuran partikel sehingga dibentuk sediaan nanoemulsi dengan Cremophor RH 40 sebagai surfaktan. Nanoemulsi diharapkan meningkatkan bioavailabilitas bahan aktif dengan meningkatkan luas permukaan dan Cremophor RH 40 mendukung peningkatkan permeabilitas membran dengan menurunkan tegangan antarmuka. Konsentrasi Cremophor RH 40 optimum diperlukan untuk mencapai kondisi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh formula optimum nanoemulsi kompleks molekular AG-KS dengan variasi konsentrasi Cremophor RH 40 menggunakan metode desain faktorial. Kompleks AG-KS (1:1) disonikasi selama 10 menit. Nanoemulsi dibuat dengan variasi Cremophor RH 40 10%, 20%, 30%. Sediaan diuji organoleptik, homogenitas, tipe emulsi, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas (PI), dan potensial zeta. Data dianalisis menggunakan multilevel categoric-one factor. Sediaan berwarna putih, tekstur lembut, homogen, tidak beraroma, dengan tipe emulsi minyak dalam air. pH rata-rata sediaan 3,9 ±0,00 memenuhi persyaratan BPOM, viskositas dan daya lekat meningkat dengan meningkatnya variabel bebas, sedangkan daya sebar menurun. Hasil ukuran partikel dari ketiga formula di bawah 400 nm. Indeks polidispersitas menunjukkan monodisperse (<0,6) dengan potensial zeta <30 mV. Hasil formula optimum menggunakan desain faktorial didapatkan F2 dengan nilai desirability 0,608. Cremophor RH 40 konsentrasi 20% optimal digunakan pada nanoemulsi kompleks molekuler AG-KS.
Article Details
References
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References
Aranaz, I. dkk. (2021) ‘Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications’, Polymers, 13(19), p. 3256.
Ataman-Chemicals (2020) ‘PEG 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil’. Available at: https://www.atamanchemicals.com/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil_u24066/.
Aulton, M.E. and Taylor, K.M.G. (2018) Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines.
Bandivadekar, M. et al. (2013) ‘Single non-ionic surfactant based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation, characterization, cytotoxicity and permeability enhancement study’, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 39(5), pp. 696–703.
Banker, G.S. and Rhodes, C.T. (eds) (2002) Modern pharmaceutics. 4. ed., rev. expanded. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker (Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences, 121).
BPOM, 2020, Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia: KEMENKES RI.
Gao, L., Zhang, D., & Chen, M. (2008). Drug nanocrystals for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs and its application as a potential drug delivery system. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10(5), 845– 862.
Honary, S. dan Zahir, F. (2013) ‘Effect of zeta potential on the properties of nano-drug delivery systems - A review (Part 1)’, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 12, no. 2, pp 255–264
Imanto, T., Prasetiawan, R., dan Wikantyasning, E. R. 2019 ‘Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Serbuk Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.)’, Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, Vol. 16, no. 1, pp 28–37
Irianto, I. D. K., Purwanto, P., dan Mardan, M. T. (2020) ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Gel Dekokta Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Mastitis Sapi’, Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 16.
Kartiningsih, K., Damayanti, R. and Budiati, A. (2023) ‘Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Daun Sosor Bebek (Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Per.) dengan Kombinasi Carbophol 980 dan Cremophor RH 40’, Jurnal Pharmascience, 10(1), p. 14.
Karwal, K. and Mukovozov, I. (2023) ‘Topical AHA in Dermatology: Formulations, Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives’, Cosmetics, 10(5), p. 131.
Kementerian Kesehatan, R.I. (2020) ‘Farmakope Indonesia Edisi VI’. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI.
Moy, R. L., Luftman, Debra., dan Kakita, L. S., (2002) ‘Glycolic acid peels’, Marcel Dekker.
Murdock, R. C., Braydich-Stolle, L., Schrand, A. M., Schlager, J. J., dan Hussain, S. M. (2008) ‘Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution prior to in vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique’, Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 101.
Ngawhirunpat, T. et al. (2013) ‘Cremophor RH40-PEG 400 microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery carrier for ketoprofen’, Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 18(4), pp. 798–803.
Nurul Utami, R., Fatmawaty, A., Sugianka, A., Melly Pakanan, M., dan Jariah, N. (2021) ‘Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Surfaktan Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Mikroemulsi Minyak Dedak Padi’, Original Article MFF, Vol. 25.
Pengon, S. et al. (2013) ‘Factors Affecting Formation of Emulsions Containing Soybean Oil’, Advanced Materials Research, 747, pp. 725–728.
Pratasik, M. C., Yamlean, P. V., dan Wiyono, W. I. (2019) ‘Formulasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.)’. Pharmacon, Vol. 8, No. 2, 261-267.
Prihantini, M., Fidrianny, I., dan Suciati, T., 2019, Optimasi Nanoemulsi A/M/A Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong dan Konjugat AG-Kitosan Menggunakan Desain Box-Behnken (Optimization of W/O/W Multiple Nanoemulsion of Madeira Vein Leaves Extract and Glycolic Acid-Chitosan Conjugate Using Box-Behnken Design), Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, Vol. 17.
Rahmadani, D., Side, S., dan Eka Putri, S. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Penambahan PVA terhadap Ukuran Nanopartikel Perak Hasil Sintesis Menggunakan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.), Sainsmat, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1-13.
Raissi, S. dan Farzani, R. E. (2009) ‘Statistical-Process-Optimization-Through-Multi-Response-Surface-Methodology’, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, no. 3.
RION Viscometer (2023). Available at: https://rion-sv.com/vt06/ (Accessed: 25 December 2023).
Rosen, M. R. (2005) ‘Delivery system handbook for personal care and cosmetic products : technology, applications, and formulations’, William Andrew Pub.
Sismaraini, D. (2015) ‘Strategi Pengembangan Industri Kitin Dan Kitosan Di Indonesia’. Thesis. Bogor Agricultral University (IPB). Available at: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/78255 (Accessed: 23 October 2023).
Shoviantari, F., Liziarmezilia, Z., Bahing, A., Agustina Fakultas Farmasi, L., dan Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, I. (2019) ‘Uji Aktivitas Tonik Rambut Nanoemulsi Minyak Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.)’, Jurnal Farmasi Dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, Vol. 6.
Smail, S.S. et al. (2021) ‘Studies on Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Oils for Prospective Use in Formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions’, Pharmaceutics, 13(4), p. 467.
SpecialChem (2023) ‘CREMOPHOR® RH 40 Technical DataSheet’. Available at: https://cosmetics.specialchem.com/product/i-basf-cremophor-rh-40
Yeo, H. and Kim, J. (2018) ‘Stability Determination of the Various Cosmetic Formulations containing Glycolic Acid’, Journal of Fashion business, 22(3), pp. 30–38.
Yu, R.J. and Van Scott, E.J. (2004) ‘Alphaâ€hydroxyacids and carboxylic acids’, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3(2), pp. 76–87.