Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hate speech is a special term for criminal offenses such as hate expression, incitement, libel and defamation on behalf of race, ethnicity, religion, class or gender. That action is flare in public communication, especially in the Internet media. Although there have been various regulations governing, countermeasures against hate speech is not maximized. It could not be separated from the difficulty of determining the boundaries of hate speech with freedom of expression. This study aims to answer these problems in the perspective of Islamic law. The theory used is takzir and Maqasidu al-Syari’ah. The results of this study illustrate that the hate speech is a criminal offense punishable takzir and require a social approach in overcoming it. In the formulation of Islamic law, definition of hate speech is taken from the Korans argument that protect human rights in order to be limiting freedom of expression.
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Keywords: Speech, Hate, Law, Islam      Â
Article Details
References
- DAFTAR PUSTAKA
- Daftar Jurnal
- Alfitri, “Konflik Hukum Antara Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Islam dan Hak-Hak
- Sipil? (Telaah Konsep HAM dan Implementasi Ratifikasi ICCPR dan
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- Britt, Brian M. Curses Left and Right: Hate Speech and Biblical Tradition.
- Journal of the American Academy of Religion. Volume 78, Nomor 3.
- Oxford University Press. 2010.
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- Darul Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
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- Weber, Anna. 1999. Hand Book of Hate Speech. France: Council of Europe
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- Wolfson, Nicholas. 1997. Hate Speech, Sex Speech, Free Speech. London:
- Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Yahya, Abi Zakariya bin Syaraf an Nawawi. 1987. Riyadu al-Shalihin. Mesir:
- Daaru al-Royyan Litturast.
- Zahroh, Walid Husni. 2014. Inni Ukrihuka, Khitabu al-Karahiyah wa alTaifiyyah fi I’lami al-Rabi’il al-Arabi. Yordania: Center for Defending
- Freedom of Journalist.
- Ziyad, Ibrahim Toha. 2011. Nitaq al_Masuliyyah al-Jazaiyyah ‘an Jara’imi alDammi wa al-Qadhi wa al-Tahqiri. Turky: Middle East University.
- Zuhaili, Wahbah. 1985. Al- Fiqhu Al-Islami wa Adillatuhu. Damaskus: Daru alFikr.
- Zuhaili, Wahbah. Ushulu al-Fiqhi. Jilid II. Damaskus: Daru al-fikr.
- Lain-Lain
- Ahmad, Garib. Jaraim al-Ihanah wa al-Qadaf wa al-Sub. Mesir: al-Niyabah alIdariyah.
- Buku Saku Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (hate speech), Tth, Komisi Nasional
- Hak Asasi Manusia.
- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP)
- UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM
- UU No 40 Tahun 2008 tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi Ras dan Etnis
- UU No 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronika
- UU No 7 Tahun 2012 tentang Penanganan Konflik Sosial
- Peraturan Kapolri nomor SE/06/X/2015
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Daftar Jurnal
Alfitri, “Konflik Hukum Antara Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Islam dan Hak-Hak
Sipil? (Telaah Konsep HAM dan Implementasi Ratifikasi ICCPR dan
CAT di Indonesia)†dalam Jurnal Konstitusi, Volume 7, Nomor 2, April
Brison, Susan J. ―The Autonomy Defense of Free Speech†dalam Chicago
Journals. Volume 108, Nomor 2, The University of Chicago. 1998.
Britt, Brian M. Curses Left and Right: Hate Speech and Biblical Tradition.
Journal of the American Academy of Religion. Volume 78, Nomor 3.
Oxford University Press. 2010.
Cohen, Joshua, ―Freedom of Expression‖, dalam Philosophy & Public Affairs
Volume 22, Nomor 3, Summer, 1993, Hlm. 207-263. Stable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265305. Accessed: 11-05-2016 15:09 UTC26
Fisch, Willian B. Hate Speech in the Constitutional Law of the United States. The
American Journal of Comparative Law Volume 50. American Society of
Comparative Law. 2002. Stable URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/840886.
Accessed: 11-05-2016 14:50 UTC
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Ethical Limits on Freedom of Expression with
Special Reference to Islam. Cile Journal Qatar. 2014. https://
www.cilecenter.org/en/recommended-readings/ethical-limits-onfreedom-of-expression-with-special-reference-to-islam/
Munajat, Machrus, ―Pengaturan Tindak Pidana dalam Islam Berdasarkan Teori
Maqasid Al-Syari‟ah‖, dalam Jurnal Asy-Syir‟ah, Volume 45, Nomor I,
Perbawati, Candra. “Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia di Era Globalisasi dalam
Perspektif Hukum Islam‖ dalam al-„Adalah Volume. 12, Nomor 4,
Desember 2015.
Umam, Fawaizul, ―Memaknai Keberagaman: the Other dalam Kontruksi Sosial
Elit Kelompok-Kelompok Kegamaan di Kota Mataram‖, dalam Jurnal
Theologia, Volume 27, Nomor 2, Desember 2016.
Otto Yudianto, ―Eksistensi Pidana Penjara Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan
Hukum Adat (Kajian Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana)â€, dalam Jurnal Ilmu
Hukum, Volume 8, Nomor 13, Februari 2012.
Daftar Buku
Audah, ‗Abdul Qadir. 2011. al-Tasyri’ al-Jina’i al-Islami. Jilid I. Bairut-Libanon:
Darul Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Audah, ‗Abdul Qadir. Tanpa Tahun. al-Tasyri’ al-Jina’i muqaranan bi alQanununi al-Wad’i. Bairut: Daru al-Kutub al-‗Arobi.
Bakar, Ibnu Zayd Abdullah. 1415. Al-hudud wa al-Ta’zirat ‘Inda Ibnu al-Qayyim,
Dirasatun wa Muwazanatun. Riyadl: Darul ‗atiyyah.
Brown, Alexader. 2015. Hate Speech Law, a Philosopical Examination. New
York: Routledge
Gelber, Katharine. 2002. Speaking Back, Free Speak versus Hate Speech Debate.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. 2004. Hate Crime: Causes, Control and Controversies.
London UK: Sage Publications.
Hamzah, Andi. 2015. Delik-Delik Tertentu (Speciale Delicten) di dalam KUHP.
Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Irfan, M. Nurul. Hukum Pidana Islam. Jakarta: Hamazah.
Jalaludin, Imam. 2010. Tafsir Jalalain. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Kasir, Isma’il Ibnu. 2000. Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Adim. Jilid 13. Yaman:
Mu’assasah Qurtubah. Hlm. 154.
Leech, N.G. 1989. Principle of Pragmatics, London: Longman.
Mahfudz, Muhammad. 2012. D}iddu al-Karahiyah min Ajli Takfifi Khitabi alkarahiyah fi al-Al’alami Al’arabi. Libanon: Majma‘ al –Imamaini alHusnaini.
Rokhmad, Abu. 2002. Ushul Fiqh Metodologi Ijtihad Hukum Islam. Semarang:
CV. Varos Mitra Utama.27
Ḥabib, Saʿdi Abu. 1985. Dirasah fī al-Minhaj al-Islam al-Siyasi. Beirut:
Muʾassasat al-Riṣalah.
Sihombing, Uli Parulian Dkk. 2012. Menyebarkan Kebencian Atas Dasar Agama
Adalah Kejahatan, Kertas Kerja Untuk Advokasi Kebebasan Beragama
Di Indonesia. Jakarta: ILRC (Indonesia Legar Resources Center).
Simanjuntak, CC Maruli. Tanpa Tahun. Atas Nama Kebencian, Kajian KasusKasus Kejahatan Berbasis Kebencian di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan
Bantuan Hukum Indonesia.
Weber, Anna. 1999. Hand Book of Hate Speech. France: Council of Europe
Publishing.
Wolfson, Nicholas. 1997. Hate Speech, Sex Speech, Free Speech. London:
Greenwood Publishing Group.
Yahya, Abi Zakariya bin Syaraf an Nawawi. 1987. Riyadu al-Shalihin. Mesir:
Daaru al-Royyan Litturast.
Zahroh, Walid Husni. 2014. Inni Ukrihuka, Khitabu al-Karahiyah wa alTaifiyyah fi I’lami al-Rabi’il al-Arabi. Yordania: Center for Defending
Freedom of Journalist.
Ziyad, Ibrahim Toha. 2011. Nitaq al_Masuliyyah al-Jazaiyyah ‘an Jara’imi alDammi wa al-Qadhi wa al-Tahqiri. Turky: Middle East University.
Zuhaili, Wahbah. 1985. Al- Fiqhu Al-Islami wa Adillatuhu. Damaskus: Daru alFikr.
Zuhaili, Wahbah. Ushulu al-Fiqhi. Jilid II. Damaskus: Daru al-fikr.
Lain-Lain
Ahmad, Garib. Jaraim al-Ihanah wa al-Qadaf wa al-Sub. Mesir: al-Niyabah alIdariyah.
Buku Saku Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (hate speech), Tth, Komisi Nasional
Hak Asasi Manusia.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP)
UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM
UU No 40 Tahun 2008 tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi Ras dan Etnis
UU No 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronika
UU No 7 Tahun 2012 tentang Penanganan Konflik Sosial
Peraturan Kapolri nomor SE/06/X/2015