Penentangan Tiongkok Terhadap Pakta Pertahanan Australia, United Kingdom, United State Of America (AUKUS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31942/khi.2024.3.1.11137Keywords:
AUKUS, Scurity Dilemma, NPT, Kapal selam nuklir, SEANWFZ, IAEA, Laut Tiongkok selatanAbstract
On 15 April 2021 Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom announced their new trilateral partnership called AUKUS. Many countries in the region reacted differently to the formation of AUKUS. China is one of the countries that frontally opposes AUKUS. According to China, AUKUS can encourage competition and disrupt regional stability. This study aims to determine the factors causing China's opposition to AUKUS by using the security dilemma theory. In his research, the writer uses a qualitative descriptive research method with library research, namely sources obtained from books, journals, and sources from online portal sites. This study resulted in research that the factors causing China to oppose AUKUS were due to three factors, namely factors at the domestic level, factors at the Asian level and factors at the global level.
Keywords: AUKUS, Security Dilemma, NPT, Nuclear submarines programe, SEANWFZ, IAEA, South China Sea
ABSTRAK
Pada 15 April 2021 Australia, Amerika Serikat dan Inggris mengumumkan kerjasama trilateral baru mereka yang disebut AUKUS. Banyak Negara dikawasan memberikan reaksi yang berbeda atas terbentuknya AUKUS. Tiongkok adalah salah satu negara yang secara frontal memberikan penentangannya terhadap AUKUS. Menurut Tiongkok AUKUS dapat mendorong terjadinya perlombaan dan mengganggu stabilitas kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui factor dibalik penentangan Tiongkok terhadap AUKUS dengan menggunakan teori dilemma keamanan. Dalam penelitiannya penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan, yaitu sumber yang didapat dari buku, jurnal, serta sumber-sumber dari situs portal online. Penelitian ini menghasilkan faktor-faktor dibalik penentangan Tiongkok terhadap AUKUS yang akan dibagi menjadi tiga faktor, yaitu faktor di level domestik, faktor di level asia dan faktor di level global.
References
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Jurnal
Delanova, Mariane Olivia. 2021. “Dampak Pakta Pertahanan Trilateral AUKUS terhadap Kondisi Regional Indo-Pasifik.†Jurnal Dinamika Global 6, no. 2 (Desember): 259-285. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v6i2.408 Shiping Tang (2009) The Security Dilemma: A Conceptual Analysis,Security Studies,18:3,587-623,DOI: 10.1080/09636410903133050
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Web/Internet
ALJAZEERA NEWS, Russia says AUKUS pact threatens nuclear non-proliferation regime, diakses dari https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-worried-aukus-pact-will-allow-australia-enter-elite-nuclear-submarine-2021-10-01/ , pada 19 Januari 2023 pukul 20:23
Ambarsari, Yeny Novita. 2017, “Perspektif Neorealisme dalam Teori Hubungan Internasionalâ€, Diakses dari http://yeny-novita-ambarsari-fisip16.web.unair.ac.id/artikel_detail-171698-Teori%20Hubungan%20Internasional%20(SOH%20201)%20[Jurnal]-Perspektif%20Neorealisme%20dalam%20Teori%20Hubungan%20Internasional.html pada 13 Maret 2023 pukul 16:59 BBC News “Aukus: Mengapa pakta pertahanan Inggris, AS, Australia prioritaskan pembuatan kapal selam untuk tangkal China di Indo-Pasifik?â€. Berita BBC. 17 September 2021 www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-58592794 . Diakses 8 April 2021 pukul 08.39 WIB BBC News “AUKUS: UK, US and Australia Pact to Counter Chinaâ€. Berita BBC. 16 September 2021 www.bbc.com/news/world-58564837#:~:text=The%20UK%2C%20US%20and%20Australia,technology%20provided%20by%20the%20US. Diakses 28 Maret 2022 pukul 2.20 PM
BBC News, “Aukus: UK, US and Australia launch pact to counter Chinaâ€. Diakses melalui https://web.archive.org/web/20210916001936/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-58564837, pada 27 Januari 2023
CGTN News “Wang Yi: AUKUS Nuclear Submarine Deal Poses Hidden Dangers†28 September 2021, diakses melalui https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-09-28/Wang-Yi-AUKUS-nuclear-submarine-deal-poses-hidden-dangers-13VRWyKyfC0/index.html , pada 18 Maret 2023 pukul 19:38.
Detik News, “Rusia-China Akan Gelar Latihan Militer Bersama di Laut China Timurâ€, diakses melalui https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-6470221/rusia-china-akan-gelar-latihan-militer-bersama-di-laut-china-timur , pada 30 Maret 2022 pukul 20:16
Geiger, J. 25 September 2021. ASK US: Recalling Legacies of Anglo-Saxonism and Muffling the Voices of Island Nations. Tersedia dalam e-IR: www.e-ir.info/2021/09/25/aukus-recalling-legacies-of-anglo-saxonism-and-muffling-the-voices-of-island-nations/ , diakses dalam 10 April 2022, pukul 11.55 WIB
Gov.UK, “Join Leaders Statement to Mark One Year of AUKUS: 23 September 2022â€, diakses dari https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/joint-leaders-statement-to-mark-one-year-of-aukus-23-september-2022/joint-leaders-statement-to-mark-one-year-of-aukus , pada 19 Januari 2023 pukul 20:37
IET Sites, “The New US-UK-Australia Alliance is Set to Shake Up How All Three Countries Carry out Research in Key Emerging Technologies†, diakses melalui https://web.archive.org/web/20210918033832/https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2021/09/view-from-washington-aukus-looms-over-ai-and-quantum/, pada 27 Januari 2023
Institute For National Security Studies, “Why China is Genuinely Worried about AUKUSâ€, siakses melalui https://thechinaproject.com/2021/11/29/why-china-is-genuinely-worried-about-aukus/, pada 28 Maret 2023 pukul 22:54
Institute of International Studies Ugm, “Your GPS Indo-Pasifik dalam Prespektif Amerika Serikatâ€, 12 Juli 2019, diakses melalui https://iis.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/2019/07/12/yourgps-indo-pasifik-dalam-perspektif-amerika-serikat/ , pada 13 Maret 2021 pukul 16:06
Jean Loup Samaan Trend Research and Advisory, “AUKUS And The Future of Alliences in the Indopacificâ€, diakses melalui https://trendsresearch.org/insight/aukus-and-the-future-of-alliances-in-the-indopacific/, pada 30 Maret 2023 pukul 04:58 Kantor Dewan Negara Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, “Xi, Putin sign joint statement on deepening comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era†diakses melalui http://english.scio.gov.cn/m/topnews/2023-03/22/content_85184070.htm , pada 29 Maret 2023 pukul 22:40
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Kedutaan Besar RRT di Inggris dan Irlandia Utara, “Pernyataan Juru Bicara Kementrian Luar Negeri China Tentang Kerjasama Kapal Selam Nuklir AUKUS†8 Juni 2022, diakses melalui http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/PressandMedia/Spokepersons/202206/t20220608_10699989.htm, pada 18 Maret 2021 pukul 18:50
Kementrian Luar Negeri Australia “Statement of Foreign Affairs Teodoro L. Locsin, Jr. On the Australia-United Kingdom-United States (AUKUS) Enhanced Trilateral Security Partnershipâ€, 19 September,diakses melalui https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/ pernyataan-dan-penasihatupdate/29484-pernyataan-of-foreign-affairs-teodoro-l-locsin-jr-on-the-australia-united-kingdom-united-states-aukus-enhanced-trilateral-security-partnership, pada 9 Februari 2023 pukul 13:10
Kementrian Luar Negeri China, “Konferensi Pers Rutin Juru Bicara kementrian Luar Negeri Zhao Lijian pada 13 April 2022†, diakses melalui https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/202204/t20220413_10667525.html , pada 18 Maret 2023 pukul 19:01 Kementrian Luar Negeri China, “Konferensi Pers Rutin Juru Bicara Kementerian Luar Negeri Zhao Lijian pada 18 Oktober 2021â€, diakses melalui http://lt.china-office.gov.cn/eng/fyrth/202110/t20211018_9606678.htm , pada 14 Maret 2023 pukul 20:06.
Kementrian Luar Negeri China, “Statement by H.E. Ambassador Wang Qun on The Trilateral Nuclear Submarine Cooperation under AUKUSâ€, diakses melalui https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/202111/t20211129_10458433.html pada 14 maret 2023 pukul 20:10
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